![]() 02:15 Loop8: Summer of Gods Game's 6-Minute Gameplay Video Streamed.04:15 Jasmine Gyuh's Kenshirō ni Yoroshiku Manga Resumes.06:15 How Heavy Are the Dumbbells You Lift? Manga Duo Launch New Manga.08:15 The Savior's Book Café Story in Another World Author Launches New Manga.Therefore, Nigerian Pidgin English is a part of language contact zone which represents one linguistic area in multilingual region of West Africa. The similarities between languages, (at the level of phonology, lexicon and structural properties of various kinds) are not due to their common descent, but to intensive language contact. The comparison of Nigerian Pidgin English structures with similar patterns of the main languages of the area indicates that all these languages contribute to each other in the process of their individual development. It is a contact language which shares numerous structural similarities with the languages of the area which make its substratum. The analysis indicates that Nigerian Pidgin English should not be perceived only as a result of simplification of the source language which is given a status of ‘broken English’. The questions of grammaticalization resulting in the change of lexical units to grammatical units was subject of a particular interest. However, the work was not oriented at establishing the systemic properties of the language but rather aimed to distinguish features influenced by the African languages which function as its linguistic substrate. ![]() The language is in the process of ongoing development and structural properties are manifested differently in texts representing the language from different zones of Nigeria and created in different times. It deals with the phonological representation, the patterns of expressing grammatical categories and the rules of word formation leading to creating new units. The dissertation presents the analysis of Nigeria Pidgin English at various levels of the language structure. (1) Can we reconcile the complexity of the mixed grammar and lexicon of a language like Pichi withthe notion of simplicity given that code-mixing of the type presented here forms an integral partof the linguistic system of the language? (2) Can we reconcile the restructuring (or “elaboration” in terms of the simplicity hypothesis) of Pichi grammar and lexicon through code-mixing within the short time-span of a hundred and seventy years with the notion that the youth of Creoles makes them simpler than non-Creoles? This paper attempts to provide answers to two questions. In the multilingual speech communities of West Africa but equally so in other regions, Creoles are in contact with lexifier superstrates, with historically unrelated non-lexifier superstrates and with a host of adstrate and substrate languages. None of these accounts has taken into consideration that typically, Creoles are languages in contact. Recent attempts to prove the simplicity of Creoles with respect to non-Creoles have, like preceding ones concentrated on describing the assumed paucity of selected surfacephenomena in quantitative terms. Existen, además, suficientes evidencias lingüísticas e históricas para suponer que el pichi, el Krio y el Aku –su descendiente en Gambia– comparten su origen, al menos parcialmente, con los del Nigerian Pidgin, el Cameroonian Pidgin, y el Ghanaian Pidgin English. El Pichi está relacionado más directamente con el Krio de Sierra Leona. El Pichi pertenece a la rama africana de la vasta familia de idiomas criollos Afro-Caribeños de base lexical inglesa, idiomas entre los cuales se observan muchas similitudes léxicas y estructurales. ![]() Aunque no existen cifras oficiales, podemos aseverar que el Pichi es hoy en día el segundo idioma africano más hablado en el país, solo por detrás del Fang y seguido de cerca por el Bubi, el idioma del pueblo original de Bioko. Es el idioma predominante en los barrios más populosos de Malabo, la capital y en algunos pueblos situados a lo largo de la costa de Bioko, entre los que destaca Luba, el segundo pueblo más importante de la isla. El Pichi es uno de los idiomas de la isla de Bioko, Guinea Ecuatorial. ![]()
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